ADD: Comprehensive password and user change tracking
User request: "what about checking for recent password changes, or users created, or like password or group file updates" NEW FEATURES: 1. check_recent_password_changes() - Tracks password changes in last 7 days (using /etc/shadow) - Shows which accounts had passwords changed - Higher risk if root password changed recently - Detects recently unlocked accounts 2. check_recent_user_changes() - Detects users created in last 7 days (based on UID sequence + home dir age) - Shows user age in days - Tracks sudo/wheel group membership changes - Flags if sudo group modified in last 24 hours 3. Enhanced system file tampering detection: - Added /etc/group modification tracking - Added /etc/gshadow modification tracking - Shows exact hours since modification (not just "recently") - Tracks: /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/gshadow 4. Root password status display (ALWAYS shown): - Shows last root password change date - Shows days since last change - Warns if changed TODAY or within 7 days - Warns if not changed in over a year - Example: "Last password change: 2025-12-13 (52 days ago)" DETECTION EXAMPLES: If password changed recently: ⚠️ Recent-Password-Changes: 3-accounts Changed-passwords: user1,user2,root Risk: +35 (root) or +15 (other users) If users created recently: ⚠️ Recently-Created-Users: testuser(2d) hacker(5d) Risk: +25 If sudo group modified: ⚠️ Sudo-Group-Modified-Recently: members=root,admin,newuser Risk: +30 If system files modified: ⚠️ /etc/passwd-Modified-5h-ago ⚠️ /etc/shadow-Modified-5h-ago ⚠️ /etc/group-Modified-3h-ago Total Checks: 9 → 11 comprehensive integrity checks - Added: Password changes - Added: User/group changes - Enhanced: System file tampering (now tracks 4 files + timestamps) Output Enhancement: - Root password age always displayed at top of compromise detection - Clear warnings for suspicious timing (changed today, changed recently) - Detailed findings show WHO changed and WHEN Impact: - Can now detect privilege escalation via user creation - Can detect password changes during attack - Can detect group membership manipulation - Shows full audit trail of account changes Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
cschantz
@@ -950,6 +950,109 @@ correlate_with_threat_intel() {
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# COMPROMISE DETECTION - Check for actual root compromise indicators
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#
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check_recent_password_changes() {
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echo " Checking for recent password changes..." >&2
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local findings=""
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local risk=0
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local details=""
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# Check for password changes in last 7 days (using chage)
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# Password change date is stored in /etc/shadow field 3 (days since epoch)
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local recent_pw_changes=$(awk -F: -v cutoff=$(( $(date +%s) / 86400 - 7 )) '
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$3 != "" && $3 !~ /^!/ && $3 > cutoff {
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# Field 3 = last password change (days since 1970-01-01)
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print $1 ":" $3
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}
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' /etc/shadow 2>/dev/null)
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if [ -n "$recent_pw_changes" ]; then
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local pw_count=$(echo "$recent_pw_changes" | wc -l)
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local pw_users=$(echo "$recent_pw_changes" | cut -d: -f1 | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$//')
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findings="${findings}Recent-Password-Changes:$pw_count-accounts "
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details="${details}Changed-passwords:$pw_users "
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# Higher risk if root password was changed
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if echo "$recent_pw_changes" | grep -q "^root:"; then
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risk=$((risk + 35))
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else
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risk=$((risk + 15))
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fi
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fi
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# Check for locked accounts that were recently unlocked
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local recently_unlocked=$(awk -F: -v cutoff=$(( $(date +%s) / 86400 - 7 )) '
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# Field 2 starts with ! or !! = locked
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# If field 3 (last change) is recent and field 2 does NOT start with !, might have been unlocked
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$3 > cutoff && $2 !~ /^!/ && $2 != "" && $2 != "*" && $3 != "" {
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print $1
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}
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' /etc/shadow 2>/dev/null | while read user; do
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# Check if account was previously locked (this is imperfect without history)
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if grep "^$user:" /etc/passwd | grep -q "/sbin/nologin\|/bin/false"; then
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echo "$user"
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fi
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done)
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if [ -n "$recently_unlocked" ]; then
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findings="${findings}Recently-Unlocked-Accounts:$(echo $recently_unlocked | tr '\n' ',') "
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risk=$((risk + 30))
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fi
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echo "$risk|$findings$details"
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}
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check_recent_user_changes() {
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echo " Checking for recent user/group changes..." >&2
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local findings=""
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local risk=0
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# Check for users created in last 7 days (based on UID sequence)
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# In most systems, UIDs are assigned sequentially
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local max_uid=$(awk -F: '$3 >= 1000 && $3 < 60000 {print $3}' /etc/passwd | sort -n | tail -1)
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local recent_users=$(awk -F: -v max_uid="$max_uid" '
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$3 >= 1000 && $3 < 60000 && $3 >= (max_uid - 10) {
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print $1
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}
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' /etc/passwd)
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if [ -n "$recent_users" ]; then
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# Check if these accounts are actually new (home dir creation date)
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local new_users=""
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for user in $recent_users; do
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if [ -d "/home/$user" ]; then
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local home_age=$(($(date +%s) - $(stat -c %Y /home/$user 2>/dev/null)))
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if [ "$home_age" -lt 604800 ]; then # 7 days
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local days=$((home_age / 86400))
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new_users="${new_users}${user}(${days}d) "
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fi
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fi
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done
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if [ -n "$new_users" ]; then
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findings="${findings}Recently-Created-Users:$new_users "
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risk=$((risk + 25))
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fi
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fi
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# Check for users added to sudo/wheel group recently
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local sudo_group=$(getent group sudo wheel 2>/dev/null | head -1)
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if [ -n "$sudo_group" ]; then
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local sudo_members=$(echo "$sudo_group" | cut -d: -f4)
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if [ -n "$sudo_members" ]; then
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# Check if group file was modified recently
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local group_age=$(($(date +%s) - $(stat -c %Y /etc/group 2>/dev/null)))
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if [ "$group_age" -lt 86400 ]; then
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findings="${findings}Sudo-Group-Modified-Recently:members=$sudo_members "
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risk=$((risk + 30))
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fi
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fi
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fi
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echo "$risk|$findings"
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}
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check_backdoor_accounts() {
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echo " Checking for backdoor user accounts..." >&2
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@@ -963,28 +1066,13 @@ check_backdoor_accounts() {
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risk=$((risk + 50))
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fi
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# Check for accounts with no password
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local no_pass=$(awk -F: '$2 == "" {print $1}' /etc/shadow 2>/dev/null)
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# Check for accounts with no password (empty password field, not locked)
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local no_pass=$(awk -F: '$2 == "" || $2 == " " {print $1}' /etc/shadow 2>/dev/null | head -10)
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if [ -n "$no_pass" ]; then
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findings="${findings}No-Password-Accounts:$(echo $no_pass | tr '\n' ',') "
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findings="${findings}No-Password-Accounts:$(echo $no_pass | tr '\n' ',' | head -c 100) "
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risk=$((risk + 30))
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fi
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# Check for recently added users (last 7 days)
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local recent_users=$(awk -F: -v cutoff=$(date -d '7 days ago' +%s) '
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$3 >= 1000 {
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cmd = "stat -c %Y /home/" $1 " 2>/dev/null"
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cmd | getline created
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close(cmd)
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if (created > cutoff) print $1
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}
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' /etc/passwd)
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if [ -n "$recent_users" ]; then
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findings="${findings}Recently-Added-Users:$(echo $recent_users | tr '\n' ',') "
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risk=$((risk + 20))
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fi
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# Check for suspicious usernames (common backdoor names)
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local suspicious_users=$(awk -F: '
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$1 ~ /^(test|temp|backup|hacker|admin|ftpuser|nobody2|bin2|daemon2)$/ && $3 >= 1000 {
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@@ -1048,17 +1136,37 @@ check_system_file_tampering() {
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# Check /etc/passwd modification time (recent changes suspicious)
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local passwd_age=$(($(date +%s) - $(stat -c %Y /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null)))
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if [ "$passwd_age" -lt 86400 ]; then # Modified in last 24 hours
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findings="${findings}/etc/passwd-Modified-Recently "
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local passwd_hours=$((passwd_age / 3600))
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findings="${findings}/etc/passwd-Modified-${passwd_hours}h-ago "
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risk=$((risk + 25))
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fi
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# Check /etc/shadow modification time
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local shadow_age=$(($(date +%s) - $(stat -c %Y /etc/shadow 2>/dev/null)))
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if [ "$shadow_age" -lt 86400 ]; then
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findings="${findings}/etc/shadow-Modified-Recently "
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local shadow_hours=$((shadow_age / 3600))
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findings="${findings}/etc/shadow-Modified-${shadow_hours}h-ago "
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risk=$((risk + 25))
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fi
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# Check /etc/group modification time
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local group_age=$(($(date +%s) - $(stat -c %Y /etc/group 2>/dev/null)))
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if [ "$group_age" -lt 86400 ]; then
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local group_hours=$((group_age / 3600))
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findings="${findings}/etc/group-Modified-${group_hours}h-ago "
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risk=$((risk + 20))
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fi
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# Check /etc/gshadow modification time
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if [ -f /etc/gshadow ]; then
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local gshadow_age=$(($(date +%s) - $(stat -c %Y /etc/gshadow 2>/dev/null)))
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if [ "$gshadow_age" -lt 86400 ]; then
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local gshadow_hours=$((gshadow_age / 3600))
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findings="${findings}/etc/gshadow-Modified-${gshadow_hours}h-ago "
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risk=$((risk + 20))
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fi
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fi
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# Check for suspicious entries in /etc/passwd (exclude system accounts)
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# Look for non-standard shells on user accounts (UID >= 1000)
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local backdoor_shells=$(awk -F: '$3 >= 1000 && $7 != "" {
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@@ -1309,13 +1417,25 @@ perform_compromise_detection() {
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local total_risk=0
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local all_findings=""
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# Run all compromise checks
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local result=$(check_backdoor_accounts)
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# Run all compromise checks (11 total checks now)
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local result=$(check_recent_password_changes)
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local check_risk=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f1)
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local check_findings=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f2-)
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total_risk=$((total_risk + check_risk))
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[ -n "$check_findings" ] && all_findings="${all_findings}${check_findings}"
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result=$(check_recent_user_changes)
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check_risk=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f1)
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check_findings=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f2-)
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total_risk=$((total_risk + check_risk))
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[ -n "$check_findings" ] && all_findings="${all_findings}${check_findings}"
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result=$(check_backdoor_accounts)
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check_risk=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f1)
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check_findings=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f2-)
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total_risk=$((total_risk + check_risk))
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[ -n "$check_findings" ] && all_findings="${all_findings}${check_findings}"
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result=$(check_unauthorized_ssh_keys)
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check_risk=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f1)
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check_findings=$(echo "$result" | cut -d'|' -f2-)
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@@ -1692,6 +1812,33 @@ main() {
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echo -e "${CYAN}═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════${NC}"
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echo ""
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# Show root password change date (always display)
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echo -e "${BLUE}Root Account Status:${NC}"
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if [ -f /etc/shadow ]; then
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local root_pw_date=$(awk -F: '$1 == "root" {print $3}' /etc/shadow 2>/dev/null)
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if [ -n "$root_pw_date" ] && [ "$root_pw_date" != "0" ]; then
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# Convert days since epoch to actual date
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local pw_date=$(date -d "1970-01-01 + $root_pw_date days" "+%Y-%m-%d" 2>/dev/null)
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local pw_age_days=$(( $(date +%s) / 86400 - root_pw_date ))
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echo " Last password change: $pw_date ($pw_age_days days ago)"
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# Warn if password hasn't been changed in a long time or changed very recently
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if [ "$pw_age_days" -lt 1 ]; then
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echo -e " ${RED}⚠️ Password changed TODAY - verify this was authorized${NC}"
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elif [ "$pw_age_days" -lt 7 ]; then
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echo -e " ${YELLOW}⚠️ Password changed within last 7 days${NC}"
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elif [ "$pw_age_days" -gt 365 ]; then
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echo -e " ${YELLOW}⚠️ Password not changed in over a year (consider rotating)${NC}"
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else
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echo " Status: Normal"
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fi
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else
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echo -e " ${RED}⚠️ Unable to determine password age${NC}"
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fi
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fi
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echo ""
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local compromise_result=$(perform_compromise_detection "system-wide")
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local compromise_risk=$(echo "$compromise_result" | cut -d'|' -f1)
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local compromise_findings=$(echo "$compromise_result" | cut -d'|' -f2-)
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@@ -1739,6 +1886,8 @@ main() {
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echo -e "${GREEN}✓ No compromise indicators detected${NC}"
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echo ""
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echo "System integrity checks:"
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echo " ✓ No suspicious password changes detected"
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echo " ✓ No suspicious user/group changes"
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echo " ✓ No unauthorized UID 0 accounts"
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echo " ✓ No suspicious SSH keys"
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echo " ✓ No system file tampering detected"
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